Machine translation of the Portuguese Wikipedia article (November 2026 version).
Volta Redonda is a Brazilian municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in the Southeast Region of the country. Located in the Sul Fluminense region, it is also known as the “Steel City” because it is home to the National Steel Company (CSN). It lies at 22°31′23″ S latitude and 44°06′15″ W longitude, at an altitude of 390 metres. It is crossed by the Paraíba do Sul River, which flows from west to east; it is the municipality's main source of water supply and also gave the city its name, because of a bend in the river.
Its population counted in the 2022 census was 261,563 inhabitants, spread over an area of 182.105 km². In terms of population, this makes it the largest city in the Sul Fluminense region and the third largest in the interior of the state, although it ranks only 71st in the state by land area. An IBGE survey published in 2013 classified Volta Redonda as the second city with the greatest polluting vocation in the state, behind only the capital, Rio de Janeiro. Its patron saint is Saint Anthony, and its Latin motto is Flumen Fulmini Flexit, meaning “the river bent before the lightning”.
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