Machine translation of the Portuguese Wikipedia article (November 2026 version).
Santa Cruz do Sul is a Brazilian municipality in the centre of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, 155 km from Porto Alegre. Its population, according to IBGE estimates, was 138,104 inhabitants in 2024, making it the 14th most populous municipality in Rio Grande do Sul. With an area of 733.4 km², it is located in the Vale do Rio Pardo region, bordering the municipalities of Vera Cruz, Rio Pardo, Sinimbu, Venâncio Aires and Passo do Sobrado. With a temperate climate, it forms a physiographic region of transition between the Planalto and the Central Depression, with vegetation derived from the Atlantic Forest and the Pampa, and a predominance of volcanic lithology.
The old Colony of Santa Cruz was founded on 6 December 1847, and the city on 31 March 1877, emancipated from Rio Pardo. One of the main centres of German colonisation in Rio Grande do Sul, both Portuguese and German are spoken there, especially the Hunsrückisch dialect. Its economy has historically been linked to tobacco, and it is considered the world capital of tobacco. It experienced strong economic expansion, verticalisation and rural exodus in the 20th century up to the early 21st century, and in 2018 its GDP stood at 9.4 billion reais, the sixth largest in the state, while the Human Development Index (HDI) was 0.733 in 2010, considered high.
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